20世纪初俄国军事经费的来源

军事经费的来源毫无疑问是任何一场战争都必须面对的一个基础性问题，寻找军事经费的来源是财政备战的最重要因素，没有相应的军事经费，战争就无从谈起。俄国在18世纪初成为世界强国之后，为了维持它的强国地位，坚持对外扩张的政策，连年战事不断。进入20世纪，俄国经历了日俄战争和第一次世界大战。然而对于财政经济状况不断恶化的俄国来说，面临战争经费短缺是很正常的，而筹措战争经费则属难事。俄国战争经费来源主要有税收、债务和发行纸币三个方面。     

财政分权对区域产业外商投资的影响研究

本文借鉴Beck、Laeven和Levine（2008）模型将地区和产业特征相结合，利用我国2001—2007年29个省级区域25个细分工业行业数据，实证分析了财政分权程度的地区差异对省级区域行业外商投资的影响。研究发现财政分权较高地区的资本密集度大的行业外商投资较多，这一结论不受控制变量以及内生性问题的影响，是稳健的、可信的。根据外商投资来源地的不同将外商投资分为国外投资、港澳台投资的分别研究发现，地区财政分权对国外资本和港、澳、台资本投资吸引存在明显的差异性，在资本密集度较大的行业，加强地区财政分权将会吸引更多的国外投资，但对港、澳、台投资作用却不明显。     

Expenditure Pattern for Food Away from Home Consumption in Turkey

ABSTRACT

One of the largest recent changes in consumer food purchasing behavior is the trend towards greater consumption of food eaten outside the home. Between 1994 and 2000, the share of total food expenditures spent on food away from home (FAFH) increased from 7 to 15% with an increasing share for fast-food facilities. This study focuses on whether demographic and socioeconomic factors have detectable effects on Turkish FAFH expenditures. This question is of interest because previous studies suggest that increasing household income, education, female labor participation and changing lifestyle especially in developing countries increased household FAFH consumption share but decreased food at home consumption share. However, no study to our knowledge has examined the combined effect of income, education, employment, and family status on Turkish FAFH consumption. The data for this research were obtained from personal interviews of representative sample households of the province of Adana in Turkey. The findings of this study generally indicate that restaurant facilities, employment of wife and education, composition of household, and income are statistically significant determinants of FAFH consumption.     

PPP的认识误区与公共服务改革

通过查阅大量国外文献,试图厘清公私合作(PPP)的家族谱系,纠正对PPP、BOT、PFI等融资模式的误解。通过论述政府采购的特征,阐明PPP不是政府投资而是政府公共服务采购。根据我国PPP的发展阶段以及政府在各类PPP模式中发挥的作用,提出公共服务改革的10项建议。     

对高等学校几个财务问题的思考

为了对高等学校加强财务管理,促进学校快速发展,本文通过对学校财务管理目标进行阐述,同时对学校的预算管理进行分析,以及对学校的财务支出进行论述,进而为高等学校的财务管理提供参考依据。     

建立负企业所得税制度 促进中小企业自主创新

如何突破为数众多的中小企业自主创新的瓶颈,增强中小企业自主创新的动力和能力,把自主创新的＂国家意志＂转变为中小企业的＂自主行为＂,已成为学术界和政府部门目前所关注的一个重要的研究课题。文章在剖析企业自主创新特点的基础上,阐述了我国目前的中小企业自主创新的特征以及＂负企业所得税＂税式支出的概念和运作机制,进而论证了＂负企业所得税＂税式支出对中小企业自主创新的激励效应。     

Exploring cruise ship passenger spending patterns in two Uruguayan ports of call

The cruise industry has become a significant component of the Uruguayan tourism economy in the last few years. The present study aims to provide a better understanding of the cruise industry by considering the expenditure of cruise ship passengers disembarking at the ports of call of Montevideo and Punta del Este as a key variable in the economic analysis of the costs and benefits. We estimate two cross-sectional regression models for cruise passenger expenditures, and show that the size of the group the visitors travel with and visitor mobility within the country are the most important variables to explain individual expenditure behaviour. We also include some management recommendations that policy-makers could implement in order to improve the economic profits from cruise ship tourism.     

Analysis of Korean millennials’ travel expenditure patterns: an almost ideal demand system approach

ABSTRACT

Generational cohorts can differ in their consumption patterns and preferred travel behavior. As the millennial generation represents an important economic force and influences new consumption trends, this study utilizes nationwide data and almost ideal demand system (AIDS) approach to examine expenditure patterns of Korean travelers during holidays. In this process, the joint effects of travel-related characteristics are also examined. The results of the AIDS estimation on data from 871 domestic travelers reveal significantly different travel expenditure patterns for cohorts. The findings contribute to furthering the understanding of how different generational cohorts allocate their travel budgets to respective travel expenditure categories.